繼承 (Inheritance)
繼承(Inheritance)：父類別跟子類別的階層關係，子類別會有父類別的屬性與方法。
在程式中將各類別共用屬性與方法方在一個獨立類別中，讓其他類別透過繼承方式來擁有這些屬性與方法，降低程式碼重複性。
# parent class / base class
class Transportation:
def __init__(self):
self.exterior = "white"
def drive(self):
print("drive method is called.")
# child class / deroved class
class Car(Transportation):
def move(self):
print("move is method called.")
# child class / deroved class
class Airplane(Transportation):
def fly(self):
print("fly method is called.")
toyota = Car()
toyota.drive() # drive method is called.
print(toyota.exterior) # white
Override
子類別中定義了與父類別同樣名稱的方法，這時子類別在呼叫方法時，就會將其實作內容覆蓋掉父類別的方法
# parent class / base class
class Transportation:
def __init__(self):
self.exterior = "white"
def drive(self):
print("drive method is called.")
# child class / deroved class
class Car(Transportation):
def move(self):
print("move is method called.")
# child class / deroved class
class Airplane(Transportation):
def __init__(self):
self.exterior = "Red"
def fly(self):
print("fly method is called.")
evaair = Airplane()
evaair.drive() # drive method is called.
print(evaair.exterior) # Red
Super
如果想要在子類別中執行父類別方法，可以使用super( )。
# parent class / base class
class Transportation:
def __init__(self):
self.exterior = "white"
def drive(self):
print("drive method is called.")
# child class / deroved class
class Car(Transportation):
def drive(self):
super().drive
print("child class drive method is called.")
def move(self):
print("move is method called.")
# child class / deroved class
class Airplane(Transportation):
def __init__(self):
self.exterior = "Red"
def fly(self):
print("fly method is called.")
toyota = Car()
toyota.drive()
# drive method is called.
# child class drive method is called.
print(toyota.exterior) # white